Is Language a bridge or barrier? Linguistic distance and the health of women and children
India is a linguistically diverse country with a large flow of internal migrants. This article demonstrates that the greater the “linguistic distance” between a woman’s native language and the d...
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Advaith Jayakumar
Anisha Sharma
10 November, 2025
- Articles
Markets, marriage, and norms: Understanding female labour force participation in India
Despite recent gains in India’s female labour force participation rate due to rural self-employment, women’s work in the country remains constrained by factors on both the demand and supply side. ...
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Farzana Afridi
03 November, 2025
- Perspectives
How dowry shapes migration decisions in modern India
While migration is a critical driver of economic development, it may disrupt arrangements wherein parents rely on sons for old-age support. Leveraging new survey data, this article shows that at the t...
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Natalie Bau
Gaurav Khanna
Alessandra Voena
23 October, 2025
- Articles
Urbanisation, gender, and social change: Women’s mobility in north India
Although India has experienced structural and social changes that promote gender equality in many respects, women’s physical mobility remains very low. Analysing primary data from three urban cluste...
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Vidisha Mehta
Harish Sai
08 December, 2021
- Articles
Urbanisation, gender, and social change: Why is female labour force participation so low in India?
India’s low female labour force participation is a complex social phenomenon, resulting from – among other things – patriarchal norms, rural-urban transitions, and a mismatch of supply and deman...
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Deepaboli Chatterjee
Neelanjan Sircar
06 December, 2021
- Articles
Introduction to e-Symposium: Urbanisation, gender, and social change in north India
Urbanisation in India is reshaping established social and economic patterns of behaviour, in ways that scholars are yet to fully comprehend. India’s rapid urbanisation invites several pressing quest...
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Devesh Kapur
Neelanjan Sircar
Milan Vaishnav
06 December, 2021
- Symposium
Empowering women through participatory theatre
Twenty-nine percent of women in India report having suffered intimate-partner violence. Based on a field study involving 92 villages in the state of West Bengal, this article shows that community-base...
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Karla Hoff
Jyotsna Jalan
Sattwik Santra
25 November, 2021
- Articles
Inter-gender and intra-gender gaps in land ownership in India
While women’s landownership is recognised as a key indicator of their economic empowerment, there are no detailed estimates of how many and which women own land in India. Analysing longitudinal data...
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Bina Agarwal
Pervesh Anthwal
Malvika Mahesh
24 November, 2021
- Articles
Do promises work? Assessing long-term benefits of ‘Apni Beti Apna Dhan’ programme
During 1994-1998, the state government of Haryana ran a conditional cash transfer programme to address the issue of child marriage: at the time of a daughter’s birth, parents from marginalised secti...
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Shreya Biswas
Upasak Das
03 November, 2021
- Articles
Is OBC reservation good for development?
The affirmative action debate has always been riddled by the question of merit versus social justice, and discussions around having a caste census have once again reignited the controversy around rese...
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Poulomi Chakrabarti
20 October, 2021
- Articles
Does access liberalise gender norms around phone use for rural women?
Despite improved connectivity, deep-rooted gender norms continue to shape access to and use of mobile technologies by women in India. This note discusses preliminary findings from a study, which sugge...
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Giorgia Barboni
Natalia Rigol
Simone Schaner
Natalie Theys
13 October, 2021
- Notes from the Field
Measuring caste inequality across Indian states
Although recent research on inequality shows that upper castes have the highest levels of material well-being, there is a wide variation in caste inequality across India. Measuring three forms of cast...
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Poulomi Chakrabarti
13 September, 2021
- Articles
Do quotas in public sector employment for disadvantaged groups enhance their welfare?
Affirmative action policies remain controversial with many arguing that benefits come at the expense of those excluded, and accrue disproportionately to the elite in disadvantaged groups. Analysing na...
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Nishith Prakash
10 September, 2021
- Articles
Is it safe? Threat of sexual violence and women’s decision to work
Despite significant improvements in women's educational attainment and reduced fertility rates, India’s female labour force participation (FLFP) remains among the lowest globally. Using nationally r...
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Tanika Chakraborty
Nafisa Lohawala
06 September, 2021
- Articles
Countering violence against women with awareness creation and self-defence training
The 2019 National Crime Records Bureau report shows a 7.3% increase, compared to 2018, in violence against women, with one in three women being subject to physical, emotional, or sexual violence. In t...
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Chitwan Lalji
Debayan Pakrashi
Sarani Saha
Soubhagya Sahoo
20 August, 2021
- Perspectives
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Tweets by Ideas4IndiaMost Popular Social Identity Posts
Hindu-Muslim fertility differentials in India: An update
Building on past research, Saswata Ghosh and Pallabi Das estimate the state- and district-level fertility differentials between Hindus and Muslims using data from the latest round of the NFHS. They sh...
Pallabi Das
Saswata Ghosh
18 April, 2023
- Articles
A division of labourers: Caste identity and efficiency in India
Castes in India are closely associated with certain occupations and determine the jobs done by millions. This study uses a new dataset to show that a large proportion of workers still work in their ca...
Guilhem Cassan
Daniel Keniston
Tatjana Kleineberg
18 November, 2022
- Articles
Measuring caste inequality across Indian states
Although recent research on inequality shows that upper castes have the highest levels of material well-being, there is a wide variation in caste inequality across India. Measuring three forms of cast...
Poulomi Chakrabarti
13 September, 2021
- Articles




27 November, 2025






